218925167620+ / 218919656575+ / 218916307390+ / 218911653137+
95 / 2020
دار الكتب الوطنية بنغازي
Gender Differences in the Use of Lexical Hedges in Selected TV Program in Arabic
تاريخ الاستلام: 2-10-2022م
تاريخ التقييم: 21-11-2022م
Pages:298-312
Seham Abohelfaya
الفروق بين الجنسين في استخدام العبارات التحوطية المعجمية في برنامج تلفزيوني عربي
في العقود القليلة الماضية، كان هناك بحث مكثف حول الاختلافات بين استخدام النساء والرجال للغة في مجال اللغويات. تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التحقق مما إذا كانت هناك اختلافات في استخدام عبارات التحوط بين المشاركين الذكور والإناث. كما يهدف إلى فحص ما إذا كانت هذه الاختلافات تتأثر بجنس المستمع.
البيانات قد أخدت من برنامج تلفزيوني ليبي. تم اختيار حلقتين عشوائيا. كل حلقة تتكون من رجلين وامرأتين. بعد جمع البيانات وتحليلها، كشفت النتائج أن المشاركات الإناث تميل إلى استخدام عبارات التحوط أكثر من المشاركين الذكور وأن كلا الجنسين يستخدمان كلمات الحشو (ملأ الفراغ) والحال والأفعال المعجمية أكثر من العبارات التحوط المعجمية الأخرى. علاوة على ذلك، تظهر النتائج أن المشاركين من كلا الجنسين يستخدمون عبارات التحوط عندما يتحدثون إلى المشاركين الذكور أكثر من التحدث إلى المشاركين الإناث.
الكلمات المفتاحية: عبارات التحوط، عبارات التحوط، الفروق بين الجنسين، لغة المرأة
Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been extensive research on the differences between women’s and men’s use of language in the field of linguistics. The present quantitative study aims to investigate whether there are differences in hedging use between male and female participants. It also aims to examine whether these differences are affected by the gender of the addressee.
The data were taken from Libyan TV program. Two episodes were chosen randomly. Each episode consisted of two males and two females. Frequency counts were used to analyse the obtained data. After collecting and analysing the data, the findings reveal that female participants tend to use hedging more than the male participants and both genders use fillers, adverbs and lexical verbs more than the other lexical hedging. Moreover, the findings show that participants of both genders use hedging when they talk to male participants more than when they talk to female participants.
Keywords: hedges, hedging, gender differences, women`s language
المراجع References
1- Akhmaliah. R. (2009). An analysis of language features in blogs of female undergraduates. Unpublished B.A. project paper. University Kebangsaan: Malaysia https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2013-0012.
2- Albaqami, S. E. S. (2017). How Grasping Gender-Related Aspects of Speech Is Increased by Multi-Modal Text Analysis—A Case Study. Asian Journal of Science and Technology. 8, 6611-6614. https://www.academia.edu/35382436/.
3- Azizah, D. (2021). Hedges Function in Masculine and Feminine Feature’s Language: A Pragmatics Analysis. Journal of Pragmatics Research, 3(1), 59 – 69. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350560632.
4- Brown, P. (1980). How and why are women more polite: Some evidence from a Mayan community. In McConnell-Ginet, S. Borker, R & Furman, N (Eds.), Women and language in literature and society, 111-136. New York: Praeger.
5- Chai, Y. (2021). Gender and Hedging Behavior: An Analysis of Functions of Hedges Employed by Women in Chinese Conversations. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 637, 32-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220131.006
6- Coates, J. (1986). Women, men and language. London: Longman Group.
7- Coates, J. (2013). ‘So I Mean I Probably…’: Hedges and Hedging in Women’s Talk [2003]. In Coats, J. Women, Men and Everyday Talk, 31-49. Palgrave Macmillan: London. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137314949_3
8- Coates, J. (2004). Women, Men and Language. 3rd ed. London: Longman.
9- Coates, J. (2011). Gossip revisited: Language in all-female groups. In J. Coates & P. Pichler (Eds.), Language and gender: A reader. 2nd ed, 199-223. United Kingdom: Wiley Blackwell.
10- Dousti, M. & Rasekh, A. E. (2016). ELT students’ gender differences in the use of hedges in interpersonal interactions: A mixed method approach applied. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research. 3(1), 217–231. http://www.jallr.com.
11- Dubar, T. (2012). Gender Related Features in the Use of the Hedge ‘You Know’ A Case Study of Conversations on the Radio Station, London’s Biggest Conversation 97.3 FM. University of Gothenburg, Department of Languages and Literatures, Spring, 2012. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/.
12- Fraser, B. (2010). Pragmatic competence: The case of hedging. In G. Kaltenböck, W. Mihatsch and S. Schneider (Eds.), New approaches to hedging, 15–34. Bingley: Emerald.
13- Hassani, M. T., & Farahani, M. (2014). A Discourse Analysis of Gender Differences in the Use of Hedging Devices in Applied Linguistics Research Articles. English Creative Education Language Teaching. 1, 59-73. https://www.academia.edu/39815588.
14- Herring, S. D., Johnson, D. A., & DiBenedetto, T. (2011). Participation in electronic discourse in a “feminist” field. In J. Coates & P. Pichler (Eds.), Language and gender: A reader, 171-182. United Kingdom: Wiley Blackwell.
15- Holmes, J. (1986). Functions of You Know in Women’s and Men’s Speech. Language in Society. 15, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500011623.
16- Izadi, A. (2013). Disagreements in Iranian dissertation defenses. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 9(2), 199-225. https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2013-0012
17- Lakoff, R. T. (1975). Language and woman's place. New York: Harper and Row
18- Lloyd, B. (2002). Sex and Gender. Cambridge: Polity Press.
19- McMillan, J. R., Clifton, A. K., McGrath, D., & Gale, W. S. (1977). Women's language: Uncertainty or interpersonal sensitivity and emotionality?. Sex roles, 3(6), 545-559.
20- Mohajer, L., & Jan, M. J. (2015). Preserving face and the use of hedges in masculine world of men. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 208, 13–20. https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/277811.
21- Mostofee, S., & Pour, S. R. (2016). The Effect of Context on Iranian EFL Students’ Amount of Speech Production of English Language and Their Ways of Using Hedging Devices. Advances in Language and Literary Studies. 7, 51-67. http://www.journals.aiac.org.au.
22- Namasaraev, V. (1997). Hedging in Russian academic writing in sociological texts. Moscow: Publishing Company.
23- Namaziandost, E., & Shafiee, S. (2018). Gender differences in the use of lexical hedges in academic spoken language among Iranian EFL learners: A comparative study. International Journal of Research in English Education. 3(4), 63 – 80. https://ijreeonline.com/article-1-130-en.html
24- O’Barr, W., & Atkins, B. K. (2011). ‘Women’s language’ or ‘powerless language’? In J. Coates & P. Pichler (Eds.), Language and gender: A reader. 2nd ed, 451-460. United Kingdom: Wiley Blackwell
25- Precht, K. (2008). Sex similarities and differences in stance in informal American conversation. Journal of Sociolinguistics. 12(1), 89-111. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/
26- Rosanti, D. E., & Jaelani, A. (2016). The use of lexical hedges in spoken language by female and male students. E-Journal UIKA Bogor, 16(1), 29–39. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf.
27- Trihartanti, R and Fadilah, M. (2020). Gender Differences in the Use of Hedging Devices in Students’ Conversation. Jurnal Bahasa Inggris Terapan. 6(2). 103 – 119. https://jurnal.polban.ac.id/ojs-3.1.2/inggris/article/view/2303
28- Wang, S, P., & Tatiana, K. (2016). Corpus research on hedges in linguistics and EFL journal papers. International Journal of Education, 9(1), 44–49. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/ije/article/view/3717/0
29- Weinreich, U. (1966). On the semantic structure of English. In Greenberg, J.H. (ed.). Universals of Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge/Mass: MIT Press, 142-217. https://archive.org/stream/
30- Zaini, A., Hazirah, A., Saadiyah, D., & Kemboja, I. (2012). Gender differences in the language use of Malaysian teen bloggers. GEMA Online™ Journal of Language Studies, 12(1), 105-124. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
31- Zimmerman, D., & West, C. (1975). Sex roles, interruptions and silences in conversation. In Thorne, B. and Henley, N. (eds). Language and sex: Difference and dominance. Rowley: Newbury House.